Solar solid absorption ice maker

　　Abstract: Introduced the structure and working principle of a solar solid absorption ice machine using calcium (C.Cl:) and nitrogen (NH3) as the working fluid. When the radiation amount is 20MJ/m2, the daily ice output of the solar ice maker is about 2kg/m2 of the collector area.

　　Keywords: solar energy, solid absorption ice maker, solid absorption, , calcium nitride, ammonia

　　Introduction

　　When solar energy is used for refrigeration, due to the good matching relationship between energy supply and demand in time and space, solar refrigeration technology is researched It is more attractive than other uses of solar energy (such as solar heating).

There are many types of 　　 solar refrigeration systems, such as solar absorption refrigeration systems, solar adsorption refrigeration systems, etc. They are pure heat management systems There are also some solar refrigeration systems that use power cycles (such as Rankine power cycles), which first convert solar energy into mechanical energy or electrical energy, and then drive ordinary vapor compression refrigeration systems. In solar refrigeration systems, solar solid absorption refrigeration systems It has no need to consume electric power and is very promising.

　　l, the structure and working principle of the solar ice maker

　　 As shown in Figure 1, the solar ice maker mainly includes a solar collector / The four parts of the reactor, condenser, evaporator and freon (R 1 1) cooling circuit. The solar collector is the key part of the system. The solar collector used in this system is a flat plate collector with selective absorption film. In order to reduce heat transfer loss, the heat collector is integrated with the reactor. The solar energy collected by the solar heat collector directly heats the reactor through heat conduction, and no additional heat transfer medium is required.

　　The reactor is equipped with a porous solid absorbent calcium chloride (C o C12). The condenser is water-cooled, and the condenser coil is immersed in a water tank filled with water. The role of the Freon cooling circuit is to During the absorption reaction process, the absorption reaction heat is removed and discharged into the environment through the finned heat exchanger. The cooling circuit relies on gravity circulation and does not need to use a circulating pump, which reduces the loss of auxiliary work.

　　The solar cbfi ice machine uses ca ol: as the absorbent and NH 3 as the refrigerant. The chemical reaction equation between them is

　　

　　It can be seen from the above chemical reaction formula that the calcium chloride of lm ol can absorb the ammonia of sm ol, but due to the adverse reaction of the absorption reaction (a) and (b) 'Decomposition reaction) The temperature required for sound travel exceeds the temperature range that the flat plate collector can reach. In fact, only the ammonia gas of the 6 m machine can be used for refrigeration. C a C I: and N H, the relationship between pressure and temperature when the reaction reaches equilibrium is shown in Figure 2.

　　

　　The working process of the solar ice maker can be divided into two stages: the decomposition stage and the absorption stage. In the daytime, valve A is closed, the solar collector collects solar energy and heats the reactor. When it reaches a certain temperature, the ammonia absorbed by cacl: is decomposed, condensed into ammonia liquid in the condenser, and stored in the liquid storage pile. The above is the decomposition stage. In the evening, valve A is opened and the Freon cooling circuit starts to work. The reactor is cooled to reduce its temperature and internal pressure, and the ammonia liquid is evaporated in the evaporator for refrigeration. The vaporized ammonia gas is re-absorbed by Ca C I:, and the heat generated by the absorption reaction is taken away by the cooling circuit of the group Leon. The above is the absorption stage.

　　 It can be seen that the ice maker is an intermittent refrigeration solar ice maker. Because solar energy itself is a discontinuous energy-saving refrigeration system that does not require an energy storage device, it is an ideal choice.

　　2. Theoretical analysis of solar cbfi ice machine

　　 Since the solid-gas system is a single-variable system (that is, the degree of freedom of the system is l), the solar solid absorption refrigeration system is working During the extension process, the temperature of the system is only related to the pressure, and has nothing to do with the extent of the reaction, so each process can be regarded as insulting.

　　Solar solid absorption refrigeration cycle is carried out between two pressures (condensation pressure and evaporation pressure) and three temperatures (decomposition nickel mill T l, condensation temperature Ta and evaporation temperature Ta) . In principle, a solid absorption refrigeration system can be regarded as a 'combination of a heat exchanger and a refrigerator (see Figure 3).

　　

　　

　　

　　3. Operation results and analysis

　　 The solar energy on August 24, 1992 The operating results of the solid absorption ice maker in Beijing are shown in Figure 4 to Figure 6. On this day, the daily radiation on the horizontal plane was 20MJ/h, and the ice machine’s ice production was 3.2kg, so the area of u200bu200bthe collector per square meter The ice production is Zkg. The ice production reported in the literature [2] is 1.65kg ice/mz collector area. Therefore, the performance of this ice maker has exceeded the level of similar solar ice makers.

　　Note: This article is reprinted (Institute of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 1 0 00 8 3)

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